Januja English Academy

Hello, we shall learn some Degrees of Comparison ( Part – 1 ) now. Observe the following sentences : Naveena is a tall girl. Kavya is taller than Mounika. Pooja is the tallest girl in the industry. The adjectives change in form ( tall, taller and tallest ) to show comparison. The adjective ‘tall’ is a Positive Degree. ‘taller’ is a Comparative Degree. The adjective ‘tallest’ is a Superlative Degree. Comparison Adjectives 1. Ending with ‘er’ and ‘est’ Positive         Comparative        Superlative clever             cleverer                 cleverest bold               bolder                     boldest deep               deeper                    deepest fast                faster                      fastest high               higher                     highest rich                richer                      richest small             smaller                    smallest sweet            sweeter                    sweetest young           younger                   youngest 2. Ending

We shall learn ‘ Interjections ’ now. Interjections : An Interjection is a word which expresses a sudden feeling or emotion. It is often brief and abrupt. An interjection is commonly followed by an exclamatory mark ( ! ) Examples: Wow! It’s wonderful! Bless you! You have helped me a lot. Congrats! You did it. Good grief! Why is she weeping? Hey! Will you help me? Hurray! We won the game. Bravo! Keerthi has been selected for the role. Yippee! We are going to the cinema tomorrow. What! You failed? Ah! She spoiled our program. Eh! Go away! Alas! His father died yesterday. Ouch! You stepped on my foot. Well done! You have done an impressive job. Yummy! The Palav is delicious. Brilliant!  An excellent idea. Thanks. Splendid! The design is exceptional. Wonderful! I love to have another piece. Nah! You should not go there. Yo! Come here. Rats! The child spoiled my papers. Shoot! I forgot her birthday. Good! Now, we can go there. Phew! I am not going to come here again. O

We shall see how to change different tenses from Direct Speech to Indirect Speech. First, let’s recap the rules ( Direct to Indirect ): 1. We remove comma and quotation marks, and replace them with ‘that’ 2. The reported verb takes its past form. 3. The pronouns are changed according to the subject and the situation. Now, look at how to change the sentences in different tenses, from Direct to Indirect . Simple Present :  Nitya said, “ I am happy” ( Direct Speech ) Nitya said that she was happy. ( Indirect ) Present Continuous :  He said, “ I am doing homework” ( Direct ) He said that he was doing homework. ( Indirect ) Present Perfect :  Pradeep said,“ I have finished my project work.” ( Direct ) Pradeep said that he had finished his project work. ( Indirect ) Present Perfect Continuous :  Keerthi said, “I have been playing badminton since morning”.(Direct) Keerthi said that she had been playing badminton since morning.(Indirect) Simple Past :  Guru said, “I was sad yesterday”. ( Direc

We are now going to learn how to use the verb ‘ take ’ in different situations. Take : to get into one’s hands or possession. Example: Rashi took the mangoes and kept them in the fridge . There are many more shades of meanings to the word ‘take’.  They are: 1. grip 2. to receive something into one’s body. 3. eat 4. to obtain for use. 5. assume ( There are at least twenty different meanings to the word ‘take’ ) Now, let’s see how to use the verb with different prepositions, i.e., Phrasal Verbs 1. take after : to be similar to someone in appearance. Example: Kris is a jovial person. He takes after his father. 2. take away: to remove something. Example: Komala took the knife away from the child. 3. take down: to write down some information. Example: Reema took down the important points of the lecture give by the guest. 4. take for : to believe something wrongly. Example: She took him for an idiot, but he is a gentleman. 5. take in : to allow someone to stay in your house. Exam

Shall we learn what a  clause  is? Clause : A clause is a group of words which resembles a phrase, but it has its own subject and predicate. Types of clauses : Clauses can broadly be divided into two types. 1. Independent Clause. 2. Dependent Clause. 1. Independent Clause : An Independent Clause is a group of words in a sentence which has complete meaning and can stand on its own. It is also called the main clause of the sentence. The Independent Clauses can combine with other clauses and form complex and compound sentences. Examples:  Roshni ate some noodles when she got hungry yesterday . We love this restaurant because the service here is excellent. Raveena switched on the TV to divert her son’s attention. 2. Dependent Clause : A Dependent Clause can’t stand on its own but depend upon the main clause to make complete sense. Examples:  If you practise hard , you will win the game. Tommy was extra careful while crossing the road . Everybody stayed inside because there was heavy