Degrees of Comparison ( Part

Degrees of Comparison ( Part – 1 )

Hello, we shall learn some Degrees of Comparison ( Part – 1 ) now.

Observe the following sentences :

Naveena is a tall girl.

Kavya is taller than Mounika.

Pooja is the tallest girl in the industry.

The adjectives change in form ( tall, taller and tallest ) to show comparison.

The adjective ‘tall’ is a Positive Degree.

‘taller’ is a Comparative Degree.

The adjective ‘tallest’ is a Superlative Degree.

Comparison Adjectives

1. Ending with ‘er’ and ‘est’

Positive Comparative Superlative

clever cleverer cleverest

bold bolder boldest

deep deeper deepest

fast faster fastest

high higher highest

rich richer richest

small smaller smallest

sweet sweeter sweetest

young younger youngest

2. Ending with ‘r’ and ‘st’ ( adjectives ending with ‘e’ )

Positive Comparative Superlative

fine finer finest

large larger largest

pure purer purest

noble nobler noblest

rare rarer rarest

3. Ending with ‘ier’ and ‘iest’ ( adjectives ending with ‘y’ )

Positive Comparative Superlative

heavy heavier heaviest

lazy lazier laziest

tiny tinier tiniest

happy happier happiest

4. Ending with double consonant and ‘er’ and ‘est’

Positive Comparative Superlative

hot hotter hottest

fit fitter fittest

sad sadder saddest

dim dimmer dimmest

5. Ending with ‘more’ and ‘most’

Positive Comparative Superlative

foolish more foolish most foolish

doubtful more doubtful most doubtful

beautiful more beautiful most beautiful

splendid more splendid most splendid

6. Irregular comparisons.

Positive Comparative Superlative

good better best

bad worse worst

much more most

far farther farthest

* We shall learn how to change a sentence from one degree to another degree in the second part of Degrees of Comparison.

Practice

Use appropriate degrees of comparison in the following blanks.

1. Gopi is a _________ (tall) boy.

2. Kavya is _________ (beautiful) girl in the class.

3. Geetha's project work is _________ (good) than Seetha's.

4. This year is ________ (hot) year of this century.

5. Vizag is _________ (far) than Vijayawada from here.

Prepositions of Agency, Possession, and Reason

Now, we shall learn the Prepositions of Agency, Possession, and Reason. * Prepositions of Agency and Instrumentality # by: The thief was arrested by the police. I am going to send the parcel by post tomorrow. Gora was written by Tagore. # with : Mohan has beaten Hemu with a stick. The workers have cut the tree down with an axe. # through : Vinaya heard about the vacancy through a friend. You can achieve success only through hard work. * Prepositions of Possession # to: This house belongs to our MLA. # with: The dog with brown spots is my pet. # of: Ottawa is the capital of Canada. * Prepositions of Reason # for: Ambedkar worked for the upliftment of the disadvantaged. # from: Mitesh is suffering from fever. # of: My grandmother died of Cholera. # because: They didn’t attend the meeting because their car met with an accident. Practice Use appropriate prepositions in the following blanks 1. I entered the hotel and placed an order _________ a plate of Idli. 2. Gopi earned millions

Article: The

Let’s learn how to use the definite article ‘ the ’. Usage of the definite article ( ‘the’ ) : 1. Observe the following paragraph: One day, I saw a rat in my house. I thought there were many rats living in our house. So, I brought a cat from my friend’s house. I gave the cat all the food it required. It ate well and moved around the house. But a month after bringing the cat, to my surprise, one day I found the cat playing with the same rat. Now, they have become good buddies. You learn from the above paragraph that when we used ‘rat’ or ‘cat’ and ‘house’ for the first time, we used ‘a’ before them. But, when we used the words for the second or third time, we kept ‘the’ before them. So, the definite article ‘the’ is used before the persons or things that we already know beforehand. 2. ‘The’ is used with a noun whose identity is clear to the listener and the speaker from the context. Our classroom is on the second floor. ( the second floor of our school building ) What is the tim

Articles 'a' or 'an'

There are two articles in the English Language: 1) the indefinite article ( ‘a’ or ‘an’ ) 2) the definite article ( ‘the’ ) Usage of indefinite article ( ‘a’ or ‘an’ ): 1. The indefinite article is used with a singular countable noun. The article ‘a’ is used before a word that begins with a consonant sound, while ‘an’ is used before a word that begins with a vowel sound. ( There are 20 vowel sounds and 24 consonant sounds in English ) a pen a choice a tall building an employee an oak tree an interesting story 2. Some words start with a vowel letter ( a, e, i, o, u ), but have a consonant sound. So, ‘a’ is used before them a university a universal rule a European woman 3. There are some words which start with a silent ‘h’. In such cases, ‘an’ is used. an hour an honest man an honourable teacher an heir But, when ‘h’ is pronounced, we use ‘a’ a humble man a hint a humorous person a historian 4. ‘An’ is used before abbreviations which begin with A, E, F, H, I, L, M, N, O, R, S

Phrase

We shall learn what a phrase is and how many types of phrase are there in English. Phrase : A phrase is a group of words which doesn’t contain a finite verb, but does the work of a single part of speech. Example: Reading novels improves your English. In the above example, the highlighted words act as noun in the sentence. It contains two words which act as a unit. So, we call such words phrases . Types of Phrases : There are at least nine important types of phrases in English. They are: 1. Noun Phrase : This phrase acts as a noun in the sentence, and it also contains other associates to modify it. Examples: Kavya bought a blue saree . A tall woman came to help him. 2. Prepositional Phrase : It contains a preposition and an object of the preposition. Examples: The students are looking at the black-board. Jyothi has slept on the sofa . 3. Adjective Phrase : It acts like an adjective in the sentence. Examples: The man with the white-hair is my father. The chairman is the man of h

What is a 'clause'?

Shall we learn what a clause is? Clause : A clause is a group of words which resembles a phrase, but it has its own subject and predicate. Types of clauses : Clauses can broadly be divided into two types. 1. Independent Clause. 2. Dependent Clause. 1. Independent Clause : An Independent Clause is a group of words in a sentence which has complete meaning and can stand on its own. It is also called the main clause of the sentence. The Independent Clauses can combine with other clauses and form complex and compound sentences. Examples: Roshni ate some noodles when she got hungry yesterday . We love this restaurant because the service here is excellent. Raveena switched on the TV to divert her son’s attention. 2. Dependent Clause : A Dependent Clause can’t stand on its own but depend upon the main clause to make complete sense. Examples: If you practise hard , you will win the game. Tommy was extra careful while crossing the road . Everybody stayed inside because there was heavy

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