Idioms Part-1

Shall we learn a few idioms today?

# On cloud nine : very happy

Example: Penny is on cloud nine as she has won the championship.

# Left out in the cold : to ignore or exclude someone from a benefit

Example : Meenakshi was left out in the cold while allocating the party posts.

# Stay the course : to continue doing something until it is finished

Example : Dhawan stayed the course to save the match despite the injury.

# Keep an ear to the ground : be well-informed of current events and trends

Example : Venkatesh always has his ear to the ground and knows what the audience expect from him.

# Hold your horses : to be patient

Example : Hold your horses! You have not won yet, the match is not over.

# Hand in glove : work closely with someone

Example : The district managers of the company always work hand in glove with the regional managers to improve sales.

# Wear your heart on your sleeve : express feelings and emotions openly

Example : Varma has never been too shy to wear his heart on his sleeve, but many other film directors are the opposite.

# Move heaven and earth : to work very hard to accomplish something

Example : The MP will move heaven and earth to win the next elections.

Practice:

Use all the above idioms in your own sentences

Prepositions of Agency, Possession, and Reason

Now, we shall learn the Prepositions of Agency, Possession, and Reason. * Prepositions of Agency and Instrumentality # by: The thief was arrested by the police. I am going to send the parcel by post tomorrow. Gora was written by Tagore. # with : Mohan has beaten Hemu with a stick. The workers have cut the tree down with an axe. # through : Vinaya heard about the vacancy through a friend. You can achieve success only through hard work. * Prepositions of Possession # to: This house belongs to our MLA. # with: The dog with brown spots is my pet. # of: Ottawa is the capital of Canada. * Prepositions of Reason # for: Ambedkar worked for the upliftment of the disadvantaged. # from: Mitesh is suffering from fever. # of: My grandmother died of Cholera. # because: They didn’t attend the meeting because their car met with an accident. Practice Use appropriate prepositions in the following blanks 1. I entered the hotel and placed an order _________ a plate of Idli. 2. Gopi earned millions

Article: The

Let’s learn how to use the definite article ‘ the ’. Usage of the definite article ( ‘the’ ) : 1. Observe the following paragraph: One day, I saw a rat in my house. I thought there were many rats living in our house. So, I brought a cat from my friend’s house. I gave the cat all the food it required. It ate well and moved around the house. But a month after bringing the cat, to my surprise, one day I found the cat playing with the same rat. Now, they have become good buddies. You learn from the above paragraph that when we used ‘rat’ or ‘cat’ and ‘house’ for the first time, we used ‘a’ before them. But, when we used the words for the second or third time, we kept ‘the’ before them. So, the definite article ‘the’ is used before the persons or things that we already know beforehand. 2. ‘The’ is used with a noun whose identity is clear to the listener and the speaker from the context. Our classroom is on the second floor. ( the second floor of our school building ) What is the tim

Phrase

We shall learn what a phrase is and how many types of phrase are there in English. Phrase : A phrase is a group of words which doesn’t contain a finite verb, but does the work of a single part of speech. Example: Reading novels improves your English. In the above example, the highlighted words act as noun in the sentence. It contains two words which act as a unit. So, we call such words phrases . Types of Phrases : There are at least nine important types of phrases in English. They are: 1. Noun Phrase : This phrase acts as a noun in the sentence, and it also contains other associates to modify it. Examples: Kavya bought a blue saree . A tall woman came to help him. 2. Prepositional Phrase : It contains a preposition and an object of the preposition. Examples: The students are looking at the black-board. Jyothi has slept on the sofa . 3. Adjective Phrase : It acts like an adjective in the sentence. Examples: The man with the white-hair is my father. The chairman is the man of h

Articles 'a' or 'an'

There are two articles in the English Language: 1) the indefinite article ( ‘a’ or ‘an’ ) 2) the definite article ( ‘the’ ) Usage of indefinite article ( ‘a’ or ‘an’ ): 1. The indefinite article is used with a singular countable noun. The article ‘a’ is used before a word that begins with a consonant sound, while ‘an’ is used before a word that begins with a vowel sound. ( There are 20 vowel sounds and 24 consonant sounds in English ) a pen a choice a tall building an employee an oak tree an interesting story 2. Some words start with a vowel letter ( a, e, i, o, u ), but have a consonant sound. So, ‘a’ is used before them a university a universal rule a European woman 3. There are some words which start with a silent ‘h’. In such cases, ‘an’ is used. an hour an honest man an honourable teacher an heir But, when ‘h’ is pronounced, we use ‘a’ a humble man a hint a humorous person a historian 4. ‘An’ is used before abbreviations which begin with A, E, F, H, I, L, M, N, O, R, S

The verb 'take'

We are now going to learn how to use the verb ‘ take ’ in different situations. Take : to get into one’s hands or possession. Example: Rashi took the mangoes and kept them in the fridge . There are many more shades of meanings to the word ‘take’. They are: 1. grip 2. to receive something into one’s body. 3. eat 4. to obtain for use. 5. assume ( There are at least twenty different meanings to the word ‘take’ ) Now, let’s see how to use the verb with different prepositions, i.e., Phrasal Verbs 1. take after : to be similar to someone in appearance. Example: Kris is a jovial person. He takes after his father. 2. take away: to remove something. Example: Komala took the knife away from the child. 3. take down: to write down some information. Example: Reema took down the important points of the lecture give by the guest. 4. take for : to believe something wrongly. Example: She took him for an idiot, but he is a gentleman. 5. take in : to allow someone to stay in your house. Exam

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